The Chinese Journal for the History of Science and technology  NO.3 2006 

New Evidence Concerning　  Wang Yinglin's Possible Authorship of the Jingtian Gai

SHI Yunli, SONG Bing

 (University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, China)

Abstract In the Wang Yinglin Zaji (Miscellaneous Writings of Wang Yinglin) there are five articles devoted to astronomy. They provide not only valuable new materials about the Calendar reform in late Ming Dynasty, but also a new window to the knowledge of Wang Yinglin's work in astronomy. Particularly, we can find new evidence for our earlier argument that Wang Yinglin(?—1645) is likely the actual author of the famous astronomical poem Jingtian Gai (An Exact Description of Constellations Throughout the Heaven), which has been attributed to Matteo Ricci and Li Zhizao.

Key words Wang Yinglin, Jingtian Gai

Chiang Kai-shek and KMT Government's Dreamof Atom Bomb in 1940s

WANG Shiping, LI Yanping, DAI Nianzu

(Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100037, China)

Abstract Based on original materials and relevant documents, this paper narrates the dreamean of Chiang Kai-shek and the KMT Government to develop an A-Bomb.They had adopted such measures as sending scientists to the USA to study, setting up an organization for the development of A-Bomb, and even intending to continue to employ the so-called “atomic energy experts” of Japan. Their dream, however,was shattered in the end.

Key words 1940s, A-Bomb, Academia Sinica

China and Sino-American Medical Communication in the View of American Medical Profession During the Anti-Japanese War：the Case of The Journal of the American Medical Association

SHI Rusong

（Center for the History of Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China）

Abstract This paper takes The Journal of the American Medical Association as the main historical sources for observing China in the view of the mainstream of medical profession in the United States during the Anti-Japanese War. At that time, American medical profession concerned more about China, and the topics The Journal of the American Medical Association focused on include: behaviors of Japanese invading China, American medical aid to China, Chinese medicine news and diseases in China. The influence of American medical aid to China increased persistently after the USA attending World War Ⅱ, which promoted Sino-American medical communication, and accelerated the process of some technologies spreading to China.

Key words The Journal of the American Medical Association, American medical profession, Anti-Japanese War, China, American Bureau for Medical Aid to China

Ling Hongxun and the Independence of Modern Chinese Railway

MA Linghe

(School of Sociology, Anhui Normal University, Anhui Wuhu 241000, China )

Abstract Ling Hongxun(1894—1981） is the remarkable person after Zhan Tianyou（1861—1919）, who introduced the western technology of railway into China and gradually realized the independence of design and construction of railway. He accepted the education of railway technology in America and served as the headmaster of Nan Yang University after coming back to China. From 1929 to 1949, he devoted his life to the field of railway for twenty years. In spite of many difficulties, he made great contributions in various aspects, such as railway construction, railway survey and net designing. He advanced the independence process of the Chinese railway technology.

Key words Ling Hongxun, railway, independence, the modern China

F.L.Watterendorf and the Aeronautical Study of Tsinghua University Before the War of Resistance Against Japan

JIN Fujun

(University History Research Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)

Abstract Recommended by Dr.Theodore von Karman, one of the greatest aeronautical experts of the 20th century, Dr.Frank L. Wattendorf(1906—1986), a distinguished aeronautical scientist, came to Tsinghua University in 1935, where he assisted in Tsinghua's aeronautical education and research and participated in designing the building the 15 feet in caliber wind tunnel in Nanchang, which was the biggest wind tunnel in the Far East at that time. Dr. Wattendorf made a great contribution to Tsinghua's early aeronautical research,

Key words F.L. Watterendorf, Tsinghua University, aeronautical research

The Take-over of the Sino-Swedish Northwest Expedition by Chinese Academy of Sciences

ZHANG Jiuchen

(Institute for the History of Natural Science, CAS, Beijing 100010, China)

Abstract Sino-Swedish Northwest Expedition was the first large-scale, multi-disciplinary expedition jointly set up by Chinese and foreign scholars. After the completion of its fieldwork, Chinese and Swedish scholars sorted out and studied the data and specimens in their own way. In 1949, the Expedition was taken over by Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS), which formally declared the end of its work. CAS also supported Chinese scholars and promoted their follow-up researches. But due to inappropriate evaluation at that time, the data and achievements of the Sino-Swedish Northwest Expedition were not fully utilized and studied by later surveys.

Key words Sino-Swedish Northwest Expedition, Chinese Academy of Sciences, survey of northwest China

The Technology of Orientation and Levelling in the Yingzao Fashi

QIAO Xunxiang

(Department of Architecture, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China)

Abstract The technology of orientation and levelling are recorded in the Yingzao Fashi (Treatise on Architectural Methods). However, the tools and how to operate them have not been explained exactly until now. Through examining and analyzing the articles about them in the Yingzao Fashi, the procedure of operating the tools are restored. At the same time, some mistakes in previous works are corrected and the insufficiency such as operation is also filled up to a certain extent, all of which is conducive for one to understanding the development of orientation and levelling in Song Dynasty.

Key words Yingzao Fashi (Treatise on Architectural Methods), orientation, levelling

Knowing Western Medicine Through the Magazine A Review of the Time in the Late Qing China

WANG Hongxia

（Department of History, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China）

Abstract The articles relating to the medicine in A Review of the Time are investigated in this thesis. It is discovered that most of them were written by medical missionaries, and that they not only involved general professional knowledge of Western medicine, but also included a great deal of information about Western hospitals, medical schools and medical books. Furthermore, the conceptions of Western sanitation were introduced into China through these articles and the latest medical sciences and technologies were recommended to Chinese by the writers of the articles. Starting from the contents of the articles, the author analyzes the value and significance of the articles by selecting some typical articles as examples and taking the development of Western medicine in China as the angle of view, and concludes that these articles with regard to the medicine which were published in A Review of the Time offered a channel to learn about Western Medicine for Chinese at that time.

Key words A Review of the Time, Western medicine, conception of sanitation

 The Completion of Yabuuti-Nakayama's Shoushi Li Project

QU Anjing

(Department of Mathematics, Northwest University, Xian 710069，China)

Abstract Translation and Research of the Shoushi Li (《〈授时历〉译注と研究》) was published in 2006. It consists of a Japanese version and commentary of the Shoushi Li Text by Yabuuti Kiyosi(1906—2000), and a Japanese translation and research of the Annotation on the Shoushi Li by Nakayama Shigeru(1928—). Yabuuti-Nakayama project started in 1960s with financial assistance of Harvard-Yenching Institute. A draft of this book was prepared in late 1960s. The reason why it takes 40 years to complete the project is due to a problem they met when they translated the planetary theory of the calendar-making system of Shoushi Li.Yabuuti's and Nakayama's embarrassment was how the factor of the solar equation of center in apparent motion of the planet is expressed on the planetary equation of center in the synodic period of the planeｔ in traditional mathematical astronomy in China. Finally, Nakayama decided to complete and publish their book because there has been a theoretically satisfactory solution for those who know modern geometrical way of planetary representation.

Key words Yabuuti Kiyosi, Nakayama Shigeru, calendar-making system of the Shoushi Li, planetary theory

A Historian's Apology: Remarks on Liu Dun's Culture 1, 2, 3

YUAN Jiangyang

(Institute for the History of Natural Science, CAS, Beijing 100010, China)

Abstract Culture 1, 2, 3, a collection of papers published within the past ten years by Prof. Liu Dun, the former director of the Institute for the History of Natural Science, may be looked upon as an apology not only for its author's own academic career but for the re-institutionalization of our discipline, the history of science, in today's China. In this apology, Prof. Liu verifies the identity of the history of science in an open academic atmosphere, tries to enlarge the field of the history of science by introducing new approaches into the investigation of traditional and new problems, and calls for the full fulfilling of the academic and socio-cultural values of the history of science.

Key words Culture 1, 2, 3，the re-institutionalization of the history of science，science and culture，apology

Review on A Study on the Indian Sanscrit Medical Book‘Essential Principles of Medical Science’

WU Xinmin

（Institute of Basic Theory, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100700, China）

Abstract The study of Chen Ming of Research Center of Eastern Literature, Peking University is an excelllent work of considerable depth and with a unique angle among the studies on India's Ayurveda published in recent years. Its translations in many languages confirm its position in the cultural exchange of medicine. The study of Chen Ming includes the characteristics of the document itself, and at the same time clarifies the relationship between Ayurveda and Buddhist medicine. What is highly commendable is that Chen translated Essentiasl Principles of Medical Science into Chinese, which is extremely valuable and important.

Key words Study of the Indian Sanscrit Medical Book ‘Essential Principles of Medical Science’，Ayurveda, history of medical exchange