In the next 5 to 10 years, new perspectives and new methods will be applied to research on the history of S&T in modern China, especially in the 20^th century, including studies of disciplinary history, social history and scientific biography. It takes the history of scientific institutions as its starting point, discussing the formation and transformation of the research system in modern China. In doing so, it will make available in detail China’s historical experience for consultation and application to current institutional reform, discipline construction, personnel training and the construction of the national innovation system.